Longspur

"Calcarius" redirects here. For the Medieval sculptor, see Calcarius (sculptor).

Longspurs
Chestnut-collared longspur (Calcarius ornatus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Calcariidae
Genus:	Calcarius Bechstein, 1802
Type species
Fringilla lapponica Linnaeus, 1758

The longspurs, genus Calcarius, are a group of birds in the family Calcariidae. The name refers to the long claw on the hind toe of each foot. The genus formerly included the thick-billed longspur, Rhyncophanes mccownii, which is now placed in a separate genus.

Taxonomy

The genus Calcarius was introduced in 1802 by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein to accommodate a single species, Fringilla laponnica Linnaeus 1758, which therefore becomes the type species by monotypy. The genus name is from Latin calcaria meaning "spurs".

These are chunky ground-feeding birds with long wings which are usually seen in open areas. Males declare ownership of a territory by singing during short flights over it. The male's breeding plumage is much brighter than his winter plumage. These birds gather in large flocks in winter. The longspurs are all found in North America; the Lapland longspur, or Lapland bunting, is also found in Europe and Asia.

Species

The genus contains three species:

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
	Calcarius lapponicus	Lapland longspur, or Lapland bunting	Arctic Europe and the Palearctic and in Canada and the northernmost United States
	Calcarius pictus	Smith's longspur	northern Canada and Alaska
	Calcarius ornatus	Chestnut-collared longspur	central Canada and the north central United States